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Views: 369 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-09-12 Origin: Site
Clean Rooms are essential infrastructure for high-tech industries. Demand for them typically stems from the construction or renovation of new plants in environmentally demanding high-tech industries, such as semiconductors, pan-semiconductors, new display technologies, and life sciences. These investments are essential prerequisites for the development of high-tech industries. Therefore, the development of the cleanroom industry is closely linked to investment in high-tech industries.
There are many sub-sectors of the high-tech industry that employ cleanrooms due to their complicated manufacturing processes and multiple technical demands. Within the same industry, different production processes may create great differences in Cleanroom performance. Even in a cleanroom with the same performance, it can be very different in various processes. So, Clean Room Construction as the basic industry of high-tech product manufacture enhancement needs a differentiated design and the combination of subsystems with various functions to provide the controlled cleanroom functioning. These features are very non-standardized.
The construction of Clean Room is closely related to the technologies and processes of high-tech industries. It has to be a thorough grasp of customer requirements, their implementation in their products, a sensible setting of cleanroom levels, the project schemes, cleanroom regulation technologies, and the differentiated integration of subsystems to attain a clean environment. Cleanroom Design and construction are complex in nature. In addition, the high initial cost to construct factories in high-technological sectors, like semiconductors, pan-semiconductors, and new display technologies, means that production lines are usually built in stages. Upgrades and capacity enhancement of the already established production lines have to be done with the equipment running, which complicates the related construction. The demands of the high-tech industry on cleanroom conditions are constantly growing with product iterations and technology progress, and the number of subsystems in cleanrooms grows. This complicates and adds to the cost of cleanroom design and construction.
There are two types of cleanrooms, namely industrial cleanrooms and biological cleanrooms, where the centrally controlled objects and applications differ. These two kinds of cleanrooms differ in the controlled objects, and the complexity and difficulty of constructing clean rooms varies greatly with the application scenario. The inanimate particles are mostly controlled in industrial cleanrooms. They are mainly used in semiconductors and pan-semiconductors, new display technologies, aerospace, and other high-end manufacturing sectors. They are more rigid in their control standards of the inanimate particles and their higher level of cleanliness. Biological cleanrooms act mainly on the inanimate suspended particles and on the living particles, like microorganisms. They are mostly used in life sciences, food, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare, as well as operating rooms in hospitals. They are even more stringent in control standards of living particles like microorganisms.
Industrial cleanroom cleanliness levels are categorized using different standards based on the products and processes used. After years of evolution, the cleanliness levels of industrial cleanrooms are gradually being standardized to the international standard ISO 14644-1, which classifies cleanrooms based on the number of particles 0.1 μm in size per cubic meter of air.
There are biological clean rooms which may be classified as general biological cleanrooms and biosafety cleanrooms. Most pharmaceuticals and biological products and some foods, health products, and medical facilities are manufactured in general biological cleanrooms. They are usually positively pressurized. Applications of bio safety clean rooms include levies in laboratories that have biosafety standards, and in the manufacture of certain drugs and biologic products (e.g., recombinant gene and vaccine preparations). They are generally negative pressure. As an example, pharmaceutical cleanrooms are the aerosols that compromise pharmaceutical quality in general biological cleanrooms: particulate matter and microorganisms. Microorganisms may be attached to the particulate matter or they may be in the form of bacterial colonies. Pharmaceutical products can suffer contamination by both particulate matter and microorganisms, and the contamination may pose a threat to health and even death once it gets into the human organism.
